How Plants Got Chloroplasts

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• Elodea cells under microscope

  ~delta

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• Red seaweed, South East Bay, Three Kings Islands PA111328

  Peter Southwood

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• Bancsó 2021 Fig 10-15 Spirogyra sp

  Sándor Bancsó

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• Gonium pectorale EPA

  Environmental Protection Agency

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• Volvox (250 23) Native preparation

  Doc. RNDr. Josef Reischig, CSc.

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• Chlamydomonas TEM 01

  Dartmouth Electron Microscope Facility, Dartmouth College

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• Scientific figure · source page 6

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• Miao et al. 2024 Figure 1 — Qingshania magnifica filament morphology

  Lanyun Miao, Zongjun Yin, Andrew H. Knoll, Yuangao Qu, and Maoyan Zhu

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• Miao et al. 2024 Figure 2 — Qingshania magnifica filament across scales

  Lanyun Miao, Zongjun Yin, Andrew H. Knoll, Yuangao Qu, and Maoyan Zhu

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• Dictyostelium-Cells-Migrate-Similarly-on-Surfaces-of-Varying-Chemical-Composition-pone.0087981.s002

  McCann C, Rericha E, Wang C, Losert W, Parent C

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• Chlamydomonas6-1

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• Flagellar-Kinematics-and-Swimming-of-Algal-Cells-in-Viscoelastic-Fluids-srep09190-s3

  Qin B, Gopinath A, Yang J, Gollub J, Arratia P

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• Motic Europe - These are Gonium Pectorale swimming together with Pandorina Morum. Bo...

  Motic Europe

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• Eudorina - ボルボックスで観察する正の走光性 #volvox

  Eudorina

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• Volvox daughter colony

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• Kirsty Wan 🔬 - Cell division in the green microalga #Volvox carteri has both plant a...

  Kirsty Wan 🔬

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• Scientific figure · source page 2

  Matthew D. Herron, Joshua D. Borin, Jacob C. Boswell, Jennifer Walker, I-Chen Kimberly Chen, Charles A. Knox, Michael Boyd, Frank Rosenzweig, and William C. Ratcliff

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• Scientific figure · source page 3

  Matthew D. Herron, Joshua D. Borin, Jacob C. Boswell, Jennifer Walker, I-Chen Kimberly Chen, Charles A. Knox, Michael Boyd, Frank Rosenzweig, and William C. Ratcliff

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• Diatoms through the microscope

  Prof. Gordon T. Taylor, Stony Brook University

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• Emiliania huxleyi coccolithophore (PLoS)

  Alison R. Taylor (University of North Carolina Wilmington Microscopy Facility)

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• Dinophysis tripos

  Phycoplankton

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• Bancsó 2021 Fig 7-12 Euglena limnophila

  Sándor Bancsó

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• ねこのしっぽラボ - 渡良瀬遊水池のプランクトン。パウリネラ (Paulinella chromatophora)だよ。殻を持つアメーバの仲間（有殻アメーバ）...

  ねこのしっぽラボ

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• Paulinella chromatophora

  Luis Delaye, Cecilio Valadez-Cano, Bernardo Pérez-Zamorano

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• Paulinella-chromatophora-a-b-Different-focal-planes-of-micrographs-of-P-chromatophora

  Eva C. M. Nowack

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• Scientific figure · source page 2

  Eva C. M. Nowack, Michael Melkonian, and Arthur R. Grossman

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Research references

Selected sources from the episode’s research and scientific figures.

1. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=n7RggKhWD8g ↗
2. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=C6MHQMufjq4 ↗
3. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ahSUxWL2p0A ↗
4. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Xy3kZ_h9l78 ↗
5. https://www.pnas.org/doi/10.1073/pnas.1620089114 ↗
6. https://www.pnas.org/doi/10.1073/pnas.2014294117 ↗
7. https://cshperspectives.cshlp.org/content/6/4/a016105 ↗
8. https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC7031061/ ↗
9. https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC5650054/ ↗
10. strassert 2021 molecular timescale ↗
11. 2025 dating plastids chromatophores ↗
12. https://www.pnas.org/doi/10.1073/pnas.1118800109 ↗
13. https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6384880/ ↗
14. https://english.cas.cn/newsroom/news--archives/2024/research-news/202401/t20240124_1128931.shtml ↗
15. https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/genetics/articles/10.3389/fgene.2022.787665/full ↗
16. https://github.com/ozanbozdag/de_novo_evolution_of_macroscopic_multicellularity ↗
17. DOI: 10.1038/s41586-023-06052-1 ↗
18. DOI: 10.1093/gbe/evaf090 ↗
19. DOI: 10.1038/ncomms11370 ↗
20. DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-39558-8 ↗
21. DOI: 10.1111/brv.13001 ↗
22. miao 2024 qingshania ↗
23. DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adk3208 ↗
24. miao 2024 qingshania main ↗
25. DOI: 10.1111/nph.71116 ↗
26. DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1118800109 ↗
27. DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-02668-2 ↗
28. A New Model and Dating for the Evolution of Complex Plastids of Red Alga Origin ↗
29. DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2014294117 ↗
30. DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1620089114 ↗
31. DOI: 10.1093/molbev/msaf167 ↗
32. DOI: 10.1029/2024GL109457 ↗

Music

• Meditation From The Star Orion
  OctahedronMusic · Envato Elements