RNA Before Cells

Visual sources include third-party material incorporated into custom animations. License information is reproduced from source records; an unrecorded license does not mean a work is public domain.

• PhilHolliger image

  X

  View original source ↗License not recorded

• Expl2282 - Flickr - NOAA Photo Library

  IFE, URI-IAO, UW, Lost City Science Party; NOAA/OAR/OER; The Lost City 2005 Expedition.

  View original source ↗Public domain

• Chirality with hands

  Original: Unknown Vector: -- πϵρ ήλιο

  View original source ↗Public domain

• Figure 2 from Zhu and Szostak, Coupled Growth and Division of Model Protocell Membranes: repeated micelle-fed growth into thread-like vesicles and agitation-driven division, with microscopy insets and a cycle schematic.

  Ting F. Zhu and Jack W. Szostak

  View original source ↗Copyrighted material — used for documentary commentary

  Editorial use; no open license asserted.

• Scientific figure · source page 13

  Biorxiv

  View original source ↗CC BY 4.0

  Figure or page excerpt cropped from the source publication.

Research references

Selected sources from the episode’s research and scientific figures.

1. 10.1126/science.adt2760 ↗
2. 10.1038/s41557-025-01830-y ↗
3. 10.1073/pnas.2321592121 ↗
4. 10.1371/journal.pcbi.0010061 ↗
5. 10.1038/ng1621 ↗
6. 10.1073/pnas.50.5.905 ↗
7. 10.1073/pnas.58.1.217 ↗
8. 10.1038/s41586-022-04676-3 ↗
9. 10.1038/s41586-025-09388-y ↗
10. 10.1038/s41467-024-52362-x ↗
11. 10.1039/D3CS00594A ↗
12. 10.1038/s41467-023-36940-z ↗
13. 10.1002/syst.202300008 ↗
14. 10.1021/jacs.4c08226 ↗
15. 10.1039/D2CC03541C ↗
16. 10.1021/acs.jpcb.3c05824 ↗
17. 10.3390/life12101595 ↗
18. 10.1073/pnas.2423683122 ↗
19. 10.1073/pnas.2505126122 ↗
20. 10.1021/jacs.4c16905 ↗
21. 10.1371/journal.pbio.3003155 ↗

Music

• Meditation From The Star Orion
  OctahedronMusic · Envato Elements